Station Overview Station Location
Station Number TN-DV-81 Latitude 36.081845
Station Name Antioch 4.3ENE Longitude -86.596925
County Davidson Elevation (ft) 551



Month 30 Yr Avg by PRISM Total Prcp Sum Days Covered By All Observations Daily Prcp Sum Daily Observation Count Multiday Prcp Sum Days Covered by Multiday Observations Multiday Observation Count Days With Prcp Days With Trace Total Snowfall Days With Snowfall Days With Snow On Ground
Oct 13 3.22 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Nov 13 4.09 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Dec 13 4.85 0.00 2 0.00 0 0.00 2 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Jan 14 3.89 1.09 6 0.80 1 0.29 5 1 1 0 0.2 1 1
Feb 14 4.14 5.11 24 5.11 24 0.00 0 0 10 3 0.4 3 3
March 14 4.37 4.55 31 2.06 29 2.49 2 1 8 3 0.0 0 0
April 14 4.09 5.36 26 5.36 26 0.00 0 0 10 1 0.0 0 0
May 14 5.64 2.38 28 2.38 28 0.00 0 0 6 2 0.0 0 0
June 14 4.16 3.56 27 3.56 27 0.00 0 0 13 2 0.0 0 0
July 14 4.02 2.60 31 2.60 31 0.00 0 0 5 0 0.0 0 0
Aug 14 3.43 6.12 31 6.12 31 0.00 0 0 9 1 0.0 0 0
Sept 14 3.78 0.27 30 0.03 16 0.24 14 1 2 0 0.0 0 0
Water Year Totals: 49.68" 31.04" 236 days 28.02" 213 3.02" 23 days 3 64 days 12 days 0.6" 4 days 4 days



Days in Water Year Cell Color Key
        Daily Observation with Prcp         Missing Day
        Multiday Observation         Daily/Multiday Observation Conflict

Day of Year Daily Prcp Multiday Prcp
10/1/2013
10/2/2013
10/3/2013
10/4/2013
10/5/2013
10/6/2013
10/7/2013
10/8/2013
10/9/2013
10/10/2013
10/11/2013
10/12/2013
10/13/2013
10/14/2013
10/15/2013
10/16/2013
10/17/2013
10/18/2013
10/19/2013
10/20/2013
10/21/2013
10/22/2013
10/23/2013
10/24/2013
10/25/2013
10/26/2013
10/27/2013
10/28/2013
10/29/2013
10/30/2013
10/31/2013
11/1/2013
11/2/2013
11/3/2013
11/4/2013
11/5/2013
11/6/2013
11/7/2013
11/8/2013
11/9/2013
11/10/2013
11/11/2013
11/12/2013
11/13/2013
11/14/2013
11/15/2013
11/16/2013
11/17/2013
11/18/2013
11/19/2013
11/20/2013
11/21/2013
11/22/2013
11/23/2013
11/24/2013
11/25/2013
11/26/2013
11/27/2013
11/28/2013
11/29/2013
11/30/2013
12/1/2013
12/2/2013
12/3/2013
12/4/2013
12/5/2013
12/6/2013
12/7/2013
12/8/2013
12/9/2013
12/10/2013
12/11/2013
12/12/2013
12/13/2013
12/14/2013
12/15/2013
12/16/2013
12/17/2013
12/18/2013
12/19/2013
12/20/2013
12/21/2013
12/22/2013
12/23/2013
12/24/2013
12/25/2013
12/26/2013
12/27/2013
12/28/2013
12/29/2013
12/30/2013 **
12/31/2013 **
Day of YearDaily PrcpMultiday Prcp
1/1/2014 **
1/2/2014 **
1/3/2014 **
1/4/2014 **
1/5/2014 0.29
1/6/2014 0.80
1/7/2014
1/8/2014
1/9/2014
1/10/2014
1/11/2014
1/12/2014
1/13/2014
1/14/2014
1/15/2014
1/16/2014
1/17/2014
1/18/2014
1/19/2014
1/20/2014
1/21/2014
1/22/2014
1/23/2014
1/24/2014
1/25/2014
1/26/2014
1/27/2014
1/28/2014
1/29/2014
1/30/2014
1/31/2014
2/1/2014
2/2/2014
2/3/2014 1.66
2/4/2014
2/5/2014 1.91
2/6/2014 T
2/7/2014 0.01
2/8/2014 0.01
2/9/2014 0.01
2/10/2014 0.00
2/11/2014 0.00
2/12/2014 0.00
2/13/2014 0.04
2/14/2014 0.00
2/15/2014 0.40
2/16/2014 T
2/17/2014 0.00
2/18/2014 0.09
2/19/2014 0.01
2/20/2014 0.00
2/21/2014 0.97
2/22/2014
2/23/2014 0.00
2/24/2014 T
2/25/2014 0.00
2/26/2014 0.00
2/27/2014 0.00
2/28/2014 0.00
3/1/2014 0.00
3/2/2014 0.00
3/3/2014 **
3/4/2014 2.49
3/5/2014 0.00
3/6/2014 0.00
3/7/2014 0.00
3/8/2014 0.00
3/9/2014 0.00
3/10/2014 0.00
3/11/2014 0.00
3/12/2014 0.02
3/13/2014 0.01
3/14/2014 0.00
3/15/2014 0.00
3/16/2014 0.41
3/17/2014 0.25
3/18/2014 T
3/19/2014 0.00
3/20/2014 0.00
3/21/2014 0.00
3/22/2014 0.00
3/23/2014 0.17
3/24/2014 0.00
3/25/2014 T
3/26/2014 T
3/27/2014 0.00
3/28/2014 0.36
3/29/2014 0.38
3/30/2014 0.46
3/31/2014 0.00
Day of YearDaily PrcpMultiday Prcp
4/1/2014 0.00
4/2/2014 0.00
4/3/2014 0.52
4/4/2014 0.60
4/5/2014 0.00
4/6/2014 0.06
4/7/2014 0.59
4/8/2014 0.00
4/9/2014
4/10/2014 0.00
4/11/2014 0.00
4/12/2014
4/13/2014 0.00
4/14/2014
4/15/2014
4/16/2014 0.00
4/17/2014 0.00
4/18/2014 0.00
4/19/2014 0.00
4/20/2014 0.00
4/21/2014 0.00
4/22/2014 0.02
4/23/2014 0.02
4/24/2014 0.00
4/25/2014 0.28
4/26/2014 T
4/27/2014 0.00
4/28/2014 0.42
4/29/2014 2.50
4/30/2014 0.35
5/1/2014 0.00
5/2/2014 0.00
5/3/2014 0.00
5/4/2014 0.00
5/5/2014 0.00
5/6/2014 0.00
5/7/2014 0.00
5/8/2014 0.00
5/9/2014 0.00
5/10/2014 0.05
5/11/2014 0.00
5/12/2014 0.00
5/13/2014 0.00
5/14/2014 1.06
5/15/2014 1.07
5/16/2014 0.16
5/17/2014 0.03
5/18/2014 0.00
5/19/2014 0.00
5/20/2014 0.00
5/21/2014 0.00
5/22/2014 0.00
5/23/2014 0.00
5/24/2014 0.00
5/25/2014 T
5/26/2014 T
5/27/2014 0.01
5/28/2014 0.00
5/29/2014
5/30/2014
5/31/2014
6/1/2014
6/2/2014 0.00
6/3/2014 0.00
6/4/2014 0.00
6/5/2014
6/6/2014
6/7/2014 0.35
6/8/2014 0.34
6/9/2014 0.20
6/10/2014 0.40
6/11/2014 0.44
6/12/2014 0.58
6/13/2014 0.07
6/14/2014 0.14
6/15/2014 0.00
6/16/2014 0.00
6/17/2014 0.00
6/18/2014 0.00
6/19/2014 T
6/20/2014 0.00
6/21/2014 0.15
6/22/2014 T
6/23/2014 0.00
6/24/2014 0.00
6/25/2014 0.29
6/26/2014 0.00
6/27/2014 0.00
6/28/2014 0.44
6/29/2014 0.09
6/30/2014 0.07
Day of YearDaily PrcpMultiday Prcp
7/1/2014 0.00
7/2/2014 0.00
7/3/2014 0.00
7/4/2014 0.00
7/5/2014 0.00
7/6/2014 0.00
7/7/2014 0.00
7/8/2014 0.00
7/9/2014 0.09
7/10/2014 0.00
7/11/2014 0.00
7/12/2014 0.00
7/13/2014 0.00
7/14/2014 0.00
7/15/2014 0.37
7/16/2014 0.00
7/17/2014 0.00
7/18/2014 0.08
7/19/2014 1.88
7/20/2014 0.00
7/21/2014 0.00
7/22/2014 0.00
7/23/2014 0.00
7/24/2014 0.00
7/25/2014 0.00
7/26/2014 0.00
7/27/2014 0.00
7/28/2014 0.18
7/29/2014 0.00
7/30/2014 0.00
7/31/2014 0.00
8/1/2014 0.00
8/2/2014 0.00
8/3/2014 0.00
8/4/2014 0.00
8/5/2014 0.00
8/6/2014 0.00
8/7/2014 0.00
8/8/2014 1.04
8/9/2014 0.01
8/10/2014 2.48
8/11/2014 0.00
8/12/2014 0.00
8/13/2014 0.00
8/14/2014 0.00
8/15/2014 0.00
8/16/2014 0.00
8/17/2014 0.00
8/18/2014 0.40
8/19/2014 0.04
8/20/2014 0.02
8/21/2014 0.00
8/22/2014 0.00
8/23/2014 T
8/24/2014 0.61
8/25/2014 0.03
8/26/2014 0.00
8/27/2014 0.00
8/28/2014 0.00
8/29/2014 0.00
8/30/2014 0.00
8/31/2014 1.49
9/1/2014 **
9/2/2014 **
9/3/2014 **
9/4/2014 **
9/5/2014 **
9/6/2014 **
9/7/2014 **
9/8/2014 **
9/9/2014 **
9/10/2014 **
9/11/2014 **
9/12/2014 **
9/13/2014 **
9/14/2014 0.24
9/15/2014 0.00
9/16/2014 0.02
9/17/2014 0.01
9/18/2014 0.00
9/19/2014 0.00
9/20/2014 0.00
9/21/2014 0.00
9/22/2014 0.00
9/23/2014 0.00
9/24/2014 0.00
9/25/2014 0.00
9/26/2014 0.00
9/27/2014 0.00
9/28/2014 0.00
9/29/2014 0.00
9/30/2014 0.00



Observation Date Observation Time Precipitation Snowfall Snowfall SWE Snow Depth Snow SWE Notes
1/6/2014 6:30 AM 0.80 0.2 M 0.2 M
2/3/2014 6:30 AM 1.66 0.0 M 0.0 M
2/5/2014 6:30 AM 1.91 M M M M
2/6/2014 6:30 AM T 0.1 M 0.1 M Off and on snow showers and/or flurries.
2/7/2014 6:30 AM 0.01 0.1 M 0.2 M patches of snow
2/8/2014 6:00 AM 0.01 0.2 M 0.2 M Ground covered; not in patches.
2/9/2014 5:40 AM 0.01 M M M M
2/10/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/11/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/12/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/13/2014 6:30 AM 0.04 M M M M
2/14/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/15/2014 6:30 AM 0.40 M M M M
2/16/2014 7:00 AM T M M M M Sleet - saw it; felt it. Snow fell late last night. Just no accumulation.
2/17/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/18/2014 6:30 AM 0.09 M M M M
2/19/2014 6:30 AM 0.01 M M M M
2/20/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/21/2014 6:30 AM 0.97 M M M M Storms last night.
2/23/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/24/2014 6:30 AM T M M M M
2/25/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/26/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/27/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/28/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/1/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/2/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/5/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/6/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/7/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/8/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/9/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/10/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/11/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/12/2014 6:30 AM 0.02 M M M M
3/13/2014 6:30 AM 0.01 M M M M
3/14/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/15/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/16/2014 8:59 AM 0.41 M M M M Taken during a break in the rain.
3/17/2014 6:30 AM 0.25 M M M M
3/18/2014 6:30 AM T M M M M
3/19/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/20/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/21/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/22/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/23/2014 9:00 AM 0.17 M M M M
3/24/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/25/2014 6:52 AM T M M M M Few snowflakes
3/26/2014 6:30 AM T M M M M Snow fell on Tuesday, but none on the ground today.
3/27/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/28/2014 6:20 AM 0.36 M M M M
3/29/2014 6:52 AM 0.38 M M M M
3/30/2014 6:00 AM 0.46 M M M M
3/31/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/1/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/2/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/3/2014 7:31 AM 0.52 M M M M
4/4/2014 6:33 AM 0.60 M M M M
4/5/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/6/2014 7:30 AM 0.06 M M M M
4/7/2014 6:30 AM 0.59 M M M M
4/8/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/10/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/11/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/13/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/16/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/17/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/18/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/19/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/20/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/21/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/22/2014 6:15 AM 0.02 M M M M
4/23/2014 6:30 AM 0.02 M M M M
4/24/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/25/2014 5:37 AM 0.28 M M M M
4/26/2014 6:00 AM T M M M M
4/27/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/28/2014 5:30 AM 0.42 M M M M
4/29/2014 5:30 AM 2.50 M M M M
4/30/2014 6:00 AM 0.35 M M M M
5/1/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/2/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/3/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/4/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/5/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/6/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/7/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/8/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/9/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/10/2014 7:50 AM 0.05 M M M M
5/11/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/12/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/13/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/14/2014 6:20 AM 1.06 M M M M
5/15/2014 6:45 AM 1.07 M M M M
5/16/2014 6:30 AM 0.16 M M M M
5/17/2014 7:30 AM 0.03 M M M M
5/18/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/19/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/20/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/21/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/22/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/23/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/24/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/25/2014 6:53 AM T M M M M
5/26/2014 7:15 AM T M M M M
5/27/2014 8:00 AM 0.01 M M M M
5/28/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/2/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/3/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/4/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/7/2014 8:30 AM 0.35 M M M M
6/8/2014 7:45 AM 0.34 M M M M
6/9/2014 6:30 AM 0.20 M M M M
6/10/2014 6:15 AM 0.40 M M M M
6/11/2014 6:10 AM 0.44 M M M M
6/12/2014 6:30 AM 0.58 M M M M
6/13/2014 6:10 AM 0.07 M M M M Raining, lightly.
6/14/2014 8:00 AM 0.14 M M M M
6/15/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/16/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/17/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/18/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/19/2014 6:30 AM T M M M M
6/20/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/21/2014 6:30 AM 0.15 M M M M Thunderstorm blew through yesterday late afternoon, early evening.
6/22/2014 7:00 AM T M M M M
6/23/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/24/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/25/2014 6:20 AM 0.29 M M M M
6/26/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/27/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
6/28/2014 8:20 AM 0.44 M M M M
6/29/2014 8:30 AM 0.09 M M M M
6/30/2014 7:30 AM 0.07 M M M M
7/1/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/2/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/3/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/4/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/5/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/6/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/7/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/8/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/9/2014 6:30 AM 0.09 M M M M
7/10/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/11/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/12/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/13/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/14/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/15/2014 6:30 AM 0.37 M M M M
7/16/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/17/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/18/2014 6:10 AM 0.08 M M M M
7/19/2014 7:47 AM 1.88 M M M M Still misting.
7/20/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/21/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/22/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/23/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/24/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/25/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/26/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/27/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/28/2014 6:20 AM 0.18 M M M M
7/29/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/30/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/31/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/1/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/2/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/3/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/4/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/5/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/6/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/7/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/8/2014 6:30 AM 1.04 M M M M
8/9/2014 8:00 AM 0.01 M M M M
8/10/2014 8:00 AM 2.48 M M M M
8/11/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/12/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/13/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/14/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/15/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/16/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/17/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/18/2014 6:30 AM 0.40 M M M M
8/19/2014 6:30 AM 0.04 0.0 M M M
8/20/2014 6:30 AM 0.02 M M M M
8/21/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/22/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/23/2014 6:30 AM T M M M M Nothing in the rain gauge. Just a few sprinkles on my head and the deck.
8/24/2014 6:21 AM 0.61 M M M M
8/25/2014 6:30 AM 0.03 M M M M
8/26/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/27/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/28/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/29/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/30/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
8/31/2014 9:00 AM 1.49 M M M M
9/15/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/16/2014 6:30 AM 0.02 M M M M
9/17/2014 6:30 AM 0.01 M M M M
9/18/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/19/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/20/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/21/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/22/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/23/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/24/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/25/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/26/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/27/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/28/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/29/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/30/2014 6:30 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M



Start Date End Date & Time Duration in Days Precipitation Snow Depth Snow Depth SWE Notes
12/30/2013 1/05/2014 12:00 AM 7 0.29 M M
3/3/2014 3/04/2014 4:00 PM 2 2.49 M M Rain was falling throughout the early hours of March 3, 2014. Changed over to freezing rain between 4:30 and 5:00 AM. ICE everywhere!! Later sleet and then snow. Nashville and surrounding areas were paralyzed. Treacherous drive to work. Only a few made it to work today. Unable to dislodge my rain gauge because it was frozen to the post. Thus a multi-day report.
9/1/2014 9/14/2014 8:00 AM 14 0.24 M M



Observation Date Observation Time Notes Largest Stone Size Average Stone Size Smallest Stone Size Stone Consistency Duration Minutes Durration Accuracy Damage Timing More Rain than Hail Hail Started Largest Hail Started Angle of Impact Number of Stones on Pad Distance Between Stones on Pad Depth of Stones on Ground